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www.gyaniversity.com74Introduction To ManagementWhat do you think are the characteristics of a manager?Modern managers are also known for their roles as coaches and partners. Instead of solely directing tasks, they guide team members towards professional growth and encourage self-management. By adopting a coaching role, managers help their employees improvetheir skills, foster innovation, and contribute ideas that drive the organization forward. Additionally, treating employees as partners ensures a collaborative environment where everyone%u2019sinput is valued, leading to shared responsibility in achieving organizational goals.What is the contribution of Elton Mayo to the BehaviouralMovement?Exam Prediction: 48%Source: IGNOU TextbookElton Mayo made a groundbreaking contribution to management by shifting the focus from a purely technical, measurement-based approach to one that emphasizes human behavior and interpersonal relations. His work laid the foundation for the Behavioural Movement in management and changed the way organizations think about employees and productivity.One of Mayo%u2019s most important contributions was his involvement in Hawthorne Studies, carried out at the Western Electric Company%u2019s Hawthorne Works in the 1920s and early 1930s. Initially, these studies were designed to examine the effect of physical conditions, such as lighting, on workers%u2019 productivity. However, the experiments produced unexpected results: changes in environmental conditions did not consistently lead to changes in worker output. Instead, the studies revealed that workers were highly responsive to social and psychological factors. This discovery challenged the traditional view that workers are motivated solely by financial rewards and strict supervision.Through his analysis of the Hawthorne Studies, Mayo demonstrated that employees are not just passive cogs in a machine; they are social beings whose performance is deeply affected by the quality and nature of their interactions at work. The studies showed that factors like group dynamics, coworker relationships, managerial attention, and a sense of belonging significantly influence productivity. Mayo%u2019s findings suggested that employees who feel valued and connected are more likely to be motivated and committed to their work, even if the physical or financial improvements are minimal.Mayo%u2019s work led to the development of the Human Relations Movement within management theory. This movement emphasized that effective management must