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www.gyaniversity.com217MMPC001: Management Functions and Organisational ProcessesCommunication: Facilitates better communication and political function within the organization. Disadvantages of Group Decision Making: Slower Process: Takes longer due to discussions and consensusbuilding. Compromise: Can lead to suboptimal decisions due to the need for agreement. Dominance Issues: Risk of one individual or clique dominating the process. Inhibiting Action: Can limit swift decisionmaking when needed.Impact of Groups in Decision Making Stages (Harrison, 1995)Setting Objectives: Groups excel in setting objectives due to cumulative knowledge. Identifying Alternatives: Individual efforts can be refined by group discussions. Evaluating Alternatives: Group judgment incorporates a broader range of insights. Choosing Alternatives: Greater acceptance of decisions when group members are involved. Implementation: Individual responsibility often leads to better execution than group responsibility.Decision Participation Continuum Vroom and Yetton (1993): Managers are more participative when decision quality is crucial and acceptance by subordinates is necessary. Less participative when they have all the necessary information or when immediate action is required.Group Decision Phenomena Risky Shift Phenomenon: Groups may make riskier decisions than individuals due to persuasion, increased confidence, and diffusion of responsibility. Groupthink: The pursuit of unanimity can lead to poor decisionmaking as critical thinking is sacrificed for cohesion.Overcoming Barriers to Effective Decision Making Common Barriers: Premature evaluation, overreliance on past experiences, limited exploration of alternatives, superficial problem analysis, narrow goal focus, confusing symptoms with problems, ignoring complex problems, impulsive decision making.Strategies to Overcome Barriers: Critical Evaluation: Encourage critical assessment of proposals. Open Inquiry: Foster an environment of open discussion. Independent Problem Solving: Assign the same problem to different groups. Scheduled Reevaluation: Introduce pauses for new information. External Expertise: Invite outside experts to challenge group thinking.