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www.gyaniversity.com221MMPC001: Management Functions and Organisational Processesscenarios where decision-makers handle unique, complex problems under uncertainty.Very Long AnswersDescribe different types of managerial decisions and the steps and the techniques used for decision making. Discuss Individual Vs Group decision making.Exam Prediction: 93%Source: TMA 2024 & Sample QPsManagerial decisions can vary widely based on the context and implications of the decision to be made. Broadly, they can be grouped into categories such as personal versus organizational decisions, basic versus routine decisions, and programmed versus non-programmed decisions.Personal decisions are made by individuals and affect their personal lives, while organizational decisions are aimed at helping the organization achieve its overall objectives and may be delegated among different levels within the organization. Basic decisions are unique, long-term, and usually involve significant investments or changes, such as determining the location of a new plant. In contrast, routine decisions are made daily, are repetitive, and though each may seem minor, they collectively ensure smooth organizational operations. Programmed decisions are associated with structured, repetitive problems where standard procedures can be applied, whereas non-programmed decisions deal with unique, complex, and often unstructured problems that call for creative approaches.The process of managerial decision making is dynamic and generally follows three main phases: intelligence, design, and choice. In the intelligence phase, the decisionmaker recognizes a problem or opportunity by gathering relevant information and diagnosing the situation. This involves systematically understanding the underlying causes and complexities of the issue. Once enough information is collected, the decision-maker moves to the design phase. Here, alternative solutions are generated and analysed. During this phase, various potential courses of action are considered, and their feasibility is evaluated based on the defined constraints, potential impacts, resources available, and time constraints. The decision-maker may use techniques such as brainstorming, simulation, and cost-benefit analysis to explore alternatives.After evaluating the alternatives, the decision process enters the choice phase. In this final stage, the most appropriate alternative is selected based on careful comparison and analysis. The chosen alternative is then implemented while being mindful of the need for potential adjustments in the light of new information or feedback. This