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www.gyaniversity.com165MMPC001: Management Functions and Organisational Processescriteria against which performance is measured. They can be tangible, such as production output or sales figures, or intangible, like customer satisfaction levels or employee morale. These standards should be clear, measurable, and realistic. By defining what is expected, managers set a clear target for employees and serve as a basis for comparison when evaluating actual performance.After establishing standards, the next step is to measure the actual performance. This step involves gathering data related to various aspects of operations, production, or service delivery. Accurate and timely measurement is crucial because it provides the information needed to determine whether performance meetsthe set standards. Various tools and techniques are used during this phase, such as financial reports, production statistics, customer feedback systems, and performance appraisals. The key here isthat the data collected must be reliable to ensure that any comparisons made later are valid.Once actual performance is measured, the next step is to compare it with the established standards. This comparison is essential in highlighting any deviations or gaps between what was planned and what has been achieved. If the actual performance meets or exceeds the standards, it is an indication that the organization is on the right track.Following the comparison, the next step in the control process is the analysis of deviations. In this phase, managers look closely at the discrepancies between planned and actual performance. The analysis helps in distinguishing between acceptable variations and serious deviations that warrant corrective measures.The fifth step in the control process is taking corrective actions. Once deviations are identified and their causes understood, appropriate measures need to be implemented to bring performance back in line with the standards. Corrective actions can range from minor adjustments in operational procedures to comprehensive changes in strategy or resource distribution. The goal is to correct the deviation effectively without causing further disruption to the overall operations. This step is crucial because it ensures that any inefficiencies or errors are promptly addressed, thereby limiting their potential negative impact on the organization.Finally, the control process includes a feedback mechanism. Feedback is a critical element because it allows managers to gauge the effectiveness of both the standards set and the corrective actions taken. Feedback enables continuous learning and improvement, ensuring that the control process remains dynamic and adaptable. It helps in refining standards, adjusting measurement techniques, and re-assessing performance periodically.