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www.gyaniversity.com101MMPC001: Management Functions and Organisational ProcessesApplications: Improved productivity in tasks like bricklaying.Interaction between Time and Motion StudiesObjective: Enhance productivity by determining the best methods and necessary time for tasks. Cooperative Approach: Collaboration between management and workers to implement scientifically derived methods.Ergonomics in Workplace Design:Definition of Ergonomics: Also known as human engineering. Scientific study of people and their physical relationship to their work environment. Aims to improve safety, efficiency, and comfortin the workplaceHistorical Development: Term human engineeringfirst used in 1940. Mid1950s: Aircraft companies applied human engineering principles in design and training Human and Machine Systems: Emphasizes complementary capabilities of humans and machines.Comparison of Characteristics: Humansexcel in:(1) Detecting low energy levels, (2) Sensitivity to stimuli, (3) Making judgments under undefined conditionsMachinesexcel in:(1) Performing routine, precise operations, (2) Handling large volumes of information rapidlyApplications for ErgonomicsWorkspace and Architectural Ergonomics: Focus on designing physical workspace for optimal wellbeing and performance Digital Human Simulation: Technology used to simulate human motion for better workspace design Guidelines for Workplace Design: Recommendations includeProviding adjustable chairs, ensuring proper lighting, Tools within easy reachto prevent strain.Design Principles: Encourage movementand changes in posture. Avoid extreme positionsand repetitive motionto prevent musculoskeletal disorders Incorporating Ergonomics in Organizations: Implement ergonomic principles through: (1) Participative design processes(2) Regular design audits(3) Ergonomics trainingfor staff Workspace and Architectural ErgonomicsImpact on Efficiency and Productivity: Direct influence on worker efficiency and productivity. Key considerations: Space allocation, Furniture positioning, Tool and equipment placement