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www.gyaniversity.com150Managerial Processes-IIVery Long AnswersDefine 'Controlling' and discuss the 'Control Process'. Explain with examples the prerequisites. Identify characteristics of an effective control system, and the method of exercising control in a structured set-up.Exam Prediction: 77%Source: Internal IGNOU & Study Centre PapersControlling is a vital management function that ensures organizational activities conform to planned objectives. It involves monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance to align with the set standards. In simple terms, controlling is about making sure that what has been planned is carried out effectively and deviations are addressed promptly.The control process consists of several interrelated steps:Establishment of Standards: At the very beginning, managers establish clear, measurable, and attainable standards or benchmarks derived from the planning process. These standards can be quantitative or qualitative.Measurement of Actual Performance: The next step involves measuring actual performance. Managers collect data using various tools and procedures which ensure that performance is recorded accurately and in a timely manner. Continuing with the previous example, the production output is measured daily. This constant measurement provides the necessary information to determine if corrective actions are needed.Comparison of Actual Performance with Standards: Once the performance data is available, it is compared with the pre-established standards. This process helps in identifying the differences or deviations between what was planned and what was achieved.Analysis of Deviations: After identifying deviations, managers must determine the reasons behind them. This analysis distinguishes between acceptable deviations and those that are problematic.Taking Corrective Actions: If the deviation is significant and beyond acceptable limits, corrective actions are taken. These actions can range from minor adjustmentssuch as rescheduling shifts or ordering additional suppliesto major changes like altering production methods or revising strategies.Feedback Mechanism: An essential aspect of the control process is the feedback loop. Feedback helps managers to understand the effectiveness of corrective actions and to refine the standards or processes further, ensuring continuous improvement. Effective feedback ensures that the entire control process remains dynamic and responsive, adapting to changing circumstances and new challenges.