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www.gyaniversity.com46Introduction To ManagementBranches of Classical ManagementScientific Management: Focuses on improving efficiency in manufacturing and labourthrough scientific methods. F.W. Tayloris the key figure, advocating for the application of scientific principles to management tasks. Administrative Theory: Concentrates on the structure and principles of organizations. Henri Fayolis a key contributor, outlining fundamental management principles. Bureaucracy: Developed by Max Weber, emphasizing a hierarchical structure with clearly defined roles and standardized procedures.Scientific ManagementOrigins: Emerged to enhance manufacturing efficiency. F.W. Taylor, known as the father of scientific management, emphasized systematic analysis of work processes. Taylor%u2019s Observations: Noted that workers often delayed work and complained about inadequate tools. Advocatedtraining workers to perform tasks efficiently, focusing on productivity and satisfaction. Key ContributionsSystematic Analysis: Utilized timeandmotion studies to identify the most efficient task completion methods. Efficiency Focus: Introduced standardization of work procedures to boost output without sacrificing quality. CriticismsOverReliance on Efficiency: Neglects human factors like motivation and job satisfaction, which are crucial for longterm success. Mechanistic Approach: The focus on efficiency can dehumanize workers, treating them as mere components of a machine.Administrative Theory Henri Fayol%u2019s Contributions: Developed a general theory of management, including 14 principlessuch as: Division of Work: Specialization leads to greater efficiency. Authority and Responsibility: Managers should have the authority to give orders and the responsibility to ensure tasks are completed. Unity of Command: Employees should receive orders from only one superior to avoid confusion.