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Introduction & Toolkit ............................................................................. 1IGNOU Exams and Grading Scale...................................................................................... 2Question Paper Pattern............................................................................................................ 3Sample Question Paper............................................................................................................ 4Example Solved Question Paper........................................................................................ 7Strategy and Tips..........................................................................................................................15Guess Paper: Important Topics..........................................................................................16Mock Tests .............................................................................................. 18Mock Test Set #1...........................................................................................................................18Mock Test Set #2..........................................................................................................................22Module 1:Introduction To Management .................................. 251.1Unit 01: Management: An Overview......................................................................251.2Unit 02: Management and its Evolution...........................................................441.3Unit 03: Roles of Managers..........................................................................................55Module 2:Managerial Processes-I .............................................. 782.1Unit 04: Planning...............................................................................................................782.2Unit 05: Organising..........................................................................................................972.3Unit 06: Staffing and Directing................................................................................112Module 3:Managerial Processes-II ........................................... 1433.1Unit 07: Controlling........................................................................................................1433.2Unit 08: Leading and Motivating..........................................................................166CONTENTS